Ovarian Cyst Management
Gynaecology - Ovarian Cyst Management
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What are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within or on the surface of the ovaries. They are common and usually harmless, often resolving on their own without any treatment. However, in some cases, ovarian cysts may cause discomfort or lead to complications that require medical intervention.
What are the types of Ovarian Cysts?
There are different types of ovarian cysts, including:
- Functional Cysts: The most common type, formed during the normal menstrual cycle. They include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts.
- Dermoid Cysts: Also known as mature cystic teratomas, they contain tissues such as hair, skin, and teeth.
- Endometriomas: Cysts that form due to endometriosis, a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside the uterus.
- Cystadenomas: Cysts that develop from ovarian tissue and can be filled with fluid or mucus.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
The symptoms of ovarian cysts can vary depending on the size, type, and whether complications arise. Common symptoms include:
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Bloating or a feeling of fullness
- Changes in menstrual cycles
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Urinary urgency or frequency
- Digestive symptoms like nausea or constipation
Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts
Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on various factors, such as the size, type, symptoms, and whether they are causing complications. Options may include:
- Watchful Waiting: Monitoring the cyst with regular check-ups to see if it resolves on its own.
- Medications: Prescribing hormonal contraceptives to prevent the formation of new cysts or to shrink existing ones.
- Surgery: Surgical intervention may be necessary if the cyst is large, persistent, causing severe symptoms, or suspected to be cancerous. Surgical options include cystectomy (removal of the cyst) or oophorectomy (removal of the affected ovary).
Complications and Follow-up
While most ovarian cysts are benign, complications can occur, such as:
- Rupture: When a cyst bursts, it can cause sudden and severe pain.
- Ovarian Torsion: Twisting of the ovary, which may lead to compromised blood flow and severe pain.
- Cancer: Rarely, ovarian cysts can be cancerous, necessitating further evaluation and treatment.