Uterine Fibroids
Gynaecology - Uterine Fibroids
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What are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are composed of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size, shape, and location within the uterus. Fibroids can be classified based on their location within the uterus, such as subserosal, intramural, submucosal, or pedunculated fibroids.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Irregular periods occur when the length of the menstrual cycle varies or when periods are unpredictable.
- Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding: Excessive or prolonged periods, sometimes accompanied by clotting
- Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvic area
- Abdominal Discomfort: Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or back
- Urinary Symptoms: Frequent urination, urgency, or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation or Bowel Symptoms: Difficulty with bowel movements, constipation, or bloating
- Infertility or Pregnancy Complications: Fibroids may interfere with conception or cause complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriage or preterm labor.
Causes and Risk Factors of Uterine Fibroids
- Hormonal Factors: Estrogen and progesterone levels play a role in the growth of fibroids.
- Genetic Predisposition: A family history of fibroids increases the risk.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can contribute to hormonal imbalances.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
- Medications: Hormonal medications to manage symptoms or shrink the fibroids.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Procedures like uterine artery embolization (UAE) or focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) to shrink or remove fibroids.
- Surgical Interventions: Myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) for more severe cases.
Fertility and Pregnancy Considerations
- Impact on Fertility: Fibroids can sometimes affect fertility, depending on their size, location, and impact on the uterus.
- Assisted Reproductive Techniques: In some cases, fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended.
- Pregnancy Management: Monitoring fibroid growth during pregnancy and addressing potential complications.